Pateick b



.New York city, in the State of New York, have UNIT D STATES ZP-ATENTOFFICE.

PATRICK B. DELANY, on NEW YORK, n. Y.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 373.968, dated November29, 1887.

Application filed June 21, 1887. Serial No. 242,032.

ToaZZ whom it may concern/:-

Be it known that l, PATRICK B. DELANY,Of

invented certain new and useful Improvements .in Telegraphy, of whichthe following is a gpecification.

, On long telegraph-1ihes-particularly uncurrents.

derground or submarine cables-the speed of transmission is greatlyreduced by the effect of the staticcharge.

v On such lines the best results have been obtained by the use ofreverse Even with reverse currents, however, serious obstacles areencountered because of the unequal duration ofthe impulses and theconsequently unequal static charge and discharge. It is well understoodthat when a dash is made the charge of static is proportionally greaterthan when the dot is made, tand that when a dot quickly follows a dashthe effect of the discharge at the transmitting end 7 is to partiallyobliterate the dot, while at the i-receiving end the current tails orruns out of the line so slowly as to bridge over the space between thedash and the weakened dot which comes after it.

In another application filed by me March 17, 1887, No. 231,302, I haveshown a system of telegraphictransmission designedto remedy the defectsabove referred to. In that case, by the manipulation of a Morse key,currents of alternatingpolarity, but equal duration,

are thrown upon the line and received, either as dots ordashes, as thecase may be, upon a polarized relay, the line being grounded at bothends after the transmission of each impulse to eliminate the staticcurrents from the which features form the subject-matter of my presentinvention. Ido not therefore claim herein any subject matter claimed insaid pendingapplication.

In the'accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram view of one stationor terminal of a 5 line equipped according to one form of my presentinvention, and Fig. 2 is a similar View (No model.)

showing a different manner of connecting the condenser.

Insulated contacts 9 h, arranged in a circle, are connected in alternateseries with the poles ofa battery, M B-that is, the alternate contacts gare connected with thep0le and the other contact-s, h.with the pole, thebattery being split and grounded in the middle. Between the contacts 9 handinsulated therefrom are arranged contacts I in thisinstance thelatter contacts being all part of an insulated plate, L, which isgrounded through the coils of a polarized relay, P R. Acircuit-completing trailer, G, carried by a rotating spindle centrallyplaced in the circular table of contacts and connected with the line M Lthrough a brush and post, I, may be caused to traverse the contacts insuch manner as to cross a segment, g or it, at each movement and pauseupon a relay connected segment, Z. Obviously, the successive movementsof such a trailer, G, send impulses alternately from the the oppositepoles of the battery M B, and such impulses must be of the sameduration, because they enter the line only during the movements when thetrailer is passing over a contact, 9 or it. With similar apparatus at adistant station at rest with the trailer on a contact, Z, and the linetherefore to relay, the-polarized relay will respond to each impulse andthe character of the signalwhether a dot or a dashbe determined by thetime the armature is permitted to remain in one position, the signalsbeing produced, if desired, upon a sounder, S, in a local circuitcontrolled by the relay-armature.

The general construction and operation above described are the same asshown and de scribed in my pending case above mentioned, to whichreference is made for more elaborate description. I

My present invention, as above mentioned, relates, first, to the mannerof operating the instrument by the Morse key, and, second, to the use ofa condenser for neutralizing the static.

In my improved arrangement the spindle carrying the trailer G isactuated mechanically directly from the key-lever, all intermediatecircuits and magnets being dispensed with. 'The key A is shown as havingadjust- ICO able stops a on each side of its pivot, and at its end isprovided with toothed arms which alternately engage the teeth of atoothed wheel, f, on the spindle of the trailer after the manner of anordinary clock -scapement. Each actuation of the key, either up or down,advances the trailer from one of the segments Z across the face-of asegment, 9 or h, and then permits it to pause upon the next segment Z.The speed with which the trailer crosses a segment and the consequentduration of the impulse transmitted are practically uniform, and thecharacter of the signal transmitted depends upon the length of time thekey is held in a given position. Obviously the key may therefore bemanipulated in the ordinary manner, and dots and dashes be received uponthe distant relay.

To neutralize the static discharge arising from such alternate impulses,I employa condenser, which may be arranged in various ways, two suitableand practical arrangements being shown in the drawings. In Fig. l thecondenser C d is shown as permanently connected in the line Z betweenthe contacts Z and the relay PR. In Fig. 2 a switch, V, is interposedbetween the condenser and relay, so that the condenser may be connectedto the relay or put direct to ground. In each case the condenser isshunted by an adjustable resistance, Rh, by means of which its operationmay be regulated and controlled, or by which it may be entirelyshort-circuited, if desired, when receiving, for instance, under somecircumstances. The trailer G, as stated, rests normally upon arelay-segment, Z, as shown. Now, if the key be raised, the trailer iscaused to move across a positive battery-segment, h, but in passing onto that segment the trailer bridges or touches it while it is still onthe segment Z, and the current from the positive pole of the batterycharges the condenser at the same time that it flows to line. Thecharging of the condenser is repeated as the trailer passes from thepositive-battery segment; but

when the trailer rests entirely on the segment Z, which it does aftereach impulse is transmitted, the charge from the condenser goes to lineand neutralizes the static discharge. All this takes place while the keyis being raised and held up. When it is depressed, the same operationoccurs, except that the condenser and line are charged with a negativecurrent. In some cases the shunt around the condenser might be omitted.Preferably condensers will be employed at each end of the line. In fact,both ends of the line may have instruments of identically the samestyle, and it has therefore been thought unnecessary to illustrate morethan one terminal. Obviously the use of the condenser is not limited tothe particular manner shown of transmitting the alternating impulses. Asthe transmitted currents are of uniform duration, and the resultantstatic similarly uniform, the condensers may readily be adjusted tocompletely eliminate staticdisturbances from the line. Very long andordinarily diificult lines may therefore be worked with facility andrapidity.

Instead of a condenser I might use electromagnets or other sources ofelectric energy.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, with a transmitter havingcontacts for connection with opposite poles of a source of electricenergy, as set forth, and a circuit-completer which traverses saidcontacts, and thereby transmits over the line currents of alternatepolarity and equal duration, of a Morse key and a direct mechanicaltransmitter-operating connection between the key and transmitter,whereby the circuit-completer is operated step by step to traverse saidcontacts by the manipulation of the key, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the contact-battery, circuit-connections, andtrailer, of the trailer-spindle, its toothed wheel, and a Morse keyhaving a bifurcated end, which engages said wheel and causes thestep-by-step rotation of the trailer as the key is operated,substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the alternate contacts g h, connected,respectively, with opposite poles of a source of electric energy, atrailer or circuit-completer connected with the main line and traversingsaid contacts, whereby message impulses of alternating polarity andequal duration are sent into the line, the intermediate contacts, Z,also traversed by said circuit-completer, and a source of electricenergy connected with the latter contacts, from which a neutralizingimpulse is sent into the line after the transmission of each of saidmessage impulses.

4. The combination of a transmitter having contacts connected withopposite poles of a source of electric energy, and a circuit-completerwhich traverses said contacts, and thereby sends over the line currentsof alternating polarity and equal duration, a Morsekey,transmitter-controlliug devices interposed between the key and thetransmitter, whereby when the key is depressed the transmitter isoperated to send a message-current of one polarity, and when the key israised to transmit a message-current of equal duration but oppositepolarity, and a source of electric energy and contacts from which aneutralizing impulse is sent into the line after each message impulse istransmitted.

5. The combination of the contacts 9 h,-connected, respectively, toopposite poles of a source of electric energy, the intermediate contactsand the condenser connected therewith, the line and thecircuit-completer connected therewith, and the trailer-actuating devicesand Morse key, by the manipulation of which the trailer is caused topass from a condenserconnected. contact across a contact, 9 or h, andpause upon a condenserconnected contact, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

6. The combination of a main line, a contact or contacts, connected withone pole of a source of electric energy, a contact or contacts, 71,connected with an opposite pole of a source of electric energy, atrailer or circuit complcter connected with the line which traversessaid contacts, a key, devices interposed between the key and trailerwhereby the latter is actuated step by step as the key is manipulatedand caused at each movement to cross the face of a contact, 9 or h, thussending currents of alternating polarity into the line, and lo a sourceof electric energy and contacts from which a neutralizing-current issent into the line to neutralize the static effect after eachtransmission of a current, substantially as set forth.,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

LANY.

PATRICK B. DE Witnesses:

H. MoINNEs, GEORGE ALFRED ASHTON.

in Letters Patent No. 373368. 1

Correction It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 37 3,968,granted November 29, 18 upon the application of Patrick B. Delany, ofNew York, New York, for an impro ment in Telegraphy, an error appears inthe printed specification requiring cor] tion, as follows In line 85,page 2, the Word contact should read contacts, and 1 hyphen thereaftershould be stricken out and a comma inserted instead; and that 1 LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that the same mayconfo to the record of the casein the Patent Office.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 20th day of December, A. D. 1887.

[SEAL] D. L. HAWKINS,

Acting Secretary of the Intent Oountersigned:

BENTON J. HALL,

Commissioner of Patents.

